In Gauderman et al. 1997 at pp.208-209 the authors stated: “The results from these analyses support previous findings that a major gene plays an important role in lung cancer risk. An additional finding not previously observed is that there is no apparent interaction between the putative lung cancer gene and smoking.” At p.177 the authors wrote: “[T]he flaws we found in the nicotine research literature are of such magnitude and occur in such a regular fashion that they demand an explanation. A partial list of the methodological shortcomings compiled in this book includes: I Systematic exclusion of subjects from statistical analyses Absence of saline control groups for injected drugs Result-biased selection of number of sessions to test manipulations Absence of statistical comparisons [...]“ Also, from the same book: “Thus, nicotine’s role in maintaining the smoking habit bears no similarity to the role played by genuinely addictive drugs such as heroin, barbiturates, alcohol or ot